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FOR LATEST ISEB SYLLABUS

Science for Key Stage 2

Science for 13+ Common Entrance

approved

Inspire a love of science from a young age with our science course for Years 3 to 6. Packed with challenging exercises to stimulate young scientists, these engaging and rigorous textbooks will build a firm foundation for success in scientific study. ■ Covers and exceeds the national curriculum ■ Engage pupils with full-colour content, clear explanations and fascinating tasks ■ Opportunities to develop skills in working scientifically ■ Monitor performance and progression with end-of-topic exercises

Cover everything required for the 13+ Common Entrance Biology, Chemistry and Physics exams with clearly presented content and lively illustrations. Designed for pupils in Years 7 and 8, it is an indispensable course that teaches pupils to work scientifically and lays the foundations for Common Entrance success. ■ Grasp new concepts easily with clear, concise explanations ■ Test understanding across both Levels 1 and 2 with varied and progressive exercises, and challenge higher ability pupils with extension questions ■ Features used throughout the book include: Did you know? Working scientifically, Investigations, Exercises and Go further questions

£15.99 9781471856280

£15.99 9781471846984

9 Forces

Forces are around us all the time. Some of them are easy to spot, for example you can see when someone is pushing down on a computer key or pulling a door open. Others, such as friction, cannot be seen so easily. ➜➜ Different types of force There are many different types of force. Here are some that you should already be able to recognise from your previous work. Magnetic forces : magnets pull (attract) magnetic materials towards them. They can also pull and push (repel) other magnets. Can you remember how? Gravitational force :gravity is the rathermysterious force thatpulls objects towardseachother.You learntabitabout this force in the lastchapter.Thebigger theobject, thegreater thegravitational force.

Different typesof force

●● The PeriodicTable All the elements are listed in the Periodic Table . In this table: ●● The elements are listed in order of their atomic number (the number of protons in the atom). ●● The elements are shown as their chemical symbols . ●● The elements are arranged in natural groups (particular types of metals, for example). Each group is a vertical column of elements that show similar properties. ●● There is always a gradual change (called a ‘trend’) in the properties of the elements as you look across or down the table. Each vertical column showing a trend is called a group and each horizontal row showing a trend is called a period . Part of the Periodic Table is shown in the following diagram.

Some rules for chemical symbols:

ThePeriodicTable

●● The first letter of a chemical symbol is always a capital letter. If there is a second letter it is always lower case. ●● The chemical symbol is often the first one or two letters of the name of the element. ●● Some elements get their chemical symbol from an old name, often from Latin. ●● Every element has a different chemical symbol. ●■ Some common elementswith their chemical symbols

JohnDalton JohnDalton (1766–1844)was an English chemist andphysicist.He isbest known for founding atomic theory,which states that allmatter is composedof atoms aremadeupof smaller, subatomicparticles–protons,electrons and neutrons. Heworked inManchester,where auniversity laboratory and a city centre street arenamed afterhim.Hewas also colour-blind andwas thefirst scientist todescribe this condition and recognise that it ishereditary.Althoughhis theories aboutwhat caused colour-blindness

➜➜ What is a force? In Year 3 you learnt about two different types of force : magnetic forces and friction . You learnt that magnets can push or pull each other and can pull magnetic materials towards them. Magnets can also be used to stop things moving, for instance when they are used to keep something stuck to the door of your fridge. Friction can slow down moving objects or stop them moving altogether. A force is a push, a pull or a twist applied to an object. Forces can: ● start something moving ● slow down or speed up a moving object ● stop a moving object ● change the direction in which an object is moving ●➜ change the shape or size of an object. Can you think of some examples for each of these? The picture below may give you some ideas.

Thedifference in propertiesbetween metalsandnon- metals isoneof the most importantpieces of informationgiven by thePeriodicTable.

Aluminium Al

Hydrogen H Oxygen O

Calcium Ca Iron

Fe Sodium Na

were laterdisproven, the condition is still sometimes to referred to asDaltonism.

Chlorine Cl

Lead

Pb Sulfur

Gold

Au Nitrogen N Zinc

Groups are the columnsof elements .Groups all have similar properties. Group 1, for example, are allmetals that react quicklywithmany other substances, andGroup0 areall gases that hardly reactat all.

Carbon C Copper

Cu Magnesium Mg

Helium He

0 or 8

In most elements the particles are individual atoms, but in a few elements the particles are molecules (that is, made up of two or more identical atoms bonded together). The chemical formula for an element tells us whether it is made of single atoms or of molecules. Some examples are shown in the following table. ●■ Some elementswith their chemical formulae

NON-METALS

Helium

£15.99 9781471856310

3 4 5 6 7

£15.99 9781471847042

Hydrogen

1 2

Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon

Argon

Chlorine

Phosphorus Sulfur

Silicon

Aluminium

Lithium

Bromine

Magnesium

Copper Zinc

Name

Symbolofatoms Diagramofparticles

Formulaofparticles Descriptionofparticles

Sodium

Nickel

Iron

Iodine

Atoms

Helium

Calcium

Silver

Potassium

Lead

Magnesium

Atoms

METALS

Gold Mercury

The zig-zag line separates the metals (at the left- handend) from the non-metals (at the right-hand end) of thePeriodicTable.

Hydrogen

H 2

Molecules (eachwith two atoms) Molecules (eachwith two atoms) Molecules (eachwith eight atoms)

Oxygen

O 2

Periods are the rowsof elements . Periods show a gradual change in properties; for example, see how the third period beginswith sodium, a very reactivemetaland endswith argon, a very unreactive gas.

Sulfur

S 8

Each element has its own unique atomicnumber.

2 Elementsandcompounds

138

139

Science Year 5 – Chapter 9: Different types of Forces

847516_C09_Science_Year_5_138-159.indd 138

847516_C09_Science_Year_5_138-159.indd 139 Answer books now available as PDF downloads from galorepark.co.uk ■ Clear layout saves time marking work ■ Enables efficient assessment of pupils’ strengths and weaknesses ■ Includes diagrams and working, where necessary, to demonstrate how to present answers 08/05/15 6:57PM 08/05/15 6:57PM

Science for Common Entrance: Chemistry – Chapter 2: Elements and compounds

9781471847103.indb 16

5/20/15 10:01PM

9781471847103.indb 17

5/20/15 10:01PM

£15.99 9781471847516

£15.99 9781471847103

Answer books now available as PDF downloads from galorepark.co.uk ■ Clean, clear layout for easy marking ■ Includes examples of high-scoring answers with diagrams and workings

new science workbooks for use in class and at home - see page 24 for details

Now available as Whiteboard and

Student eTextbooks. See page 4 for details.

See page 4 for details.

£15.99 9781471847578

9781510400948 £14.99

9781510400993

9781510400955

CHECK OUT OUR 11+ SCIENCE REVISION RESOURCES ON PAGE 24

CHECK OUT OUR 13+ SCIENCE REVISION RESOURCES ON PAGE 46

9781510401020 £13.99

9781510401037

9781510401044

9781510401051

£14.99

£13.99

1 6

1 7

Te l : 0 1 2 3 5 4 0 0 5 5 5

V i s i t : g a l o r e p a r k . c o . u k

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